discrimination

Discrimination is the act of separating or forming groups of people from a criterion or criteria. In its broadest sense, discrimination is a way to sort and classify. You can refer to any field, and can use any criteria. If we talk about human beings, for example, can discriminate among others, by age, skin color, education level, knowledge, wealth, eye color, etc.. But we can also discriminate energy sources, works of literature, animals.
Another definition: Discrimination is the purest human act there is, deny it, is to deny the human condition. All are victims of discrimination or so at some point in our lives to a greater or lesser presence.
Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination (1993) considers discrimination to "any distinction, exclusion or restriction based on ethnic or national origin, sex, age, disability, social or economic status, health status, pregnancy, language , religion, opinion, sexual orientation, marital status or any other, has the effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition or exercise of rights and real equality of opportunity for people. "
However, in its more colloquial, the term discrimination refers to the act of making a distinction or segregation undermines equality. Typically used to refer to the violation of equal rights for individuals by social, racial, religious, political, sexual orientation or gender. Taking a part of Article 1 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination be classified or be defined in two parts.
To Vonfack in 1998 (quoted in Becerra, S., Tapia, C., Barria, C., and Orrego, C.) there are three key processes that explain the relationship of rejection in relationships between individuals from different groups: Stereotypes, Prejudice and discrimination.
In addition to this social identity is understood as a construct that runs in social, cognitive and motivational (Gonzalez et al., 2005) and is defined by Tajfel and Turner (quoted in Smith, 2002, p. 74) as " part of self that derives from the particular relationship to certain categories or social groups ", makes the individual feel identified with the group membership while away from the groups that surround them and with which there is no identification, so giving rise to phenomena of inclusion and exclusion.